ABSTRACT
1) The study tour was organized by Dr. Hinohara to learn about the medical education in North America and its philosophy to support the method.<BR>2) The McMaster University, which started PBL curriculum in 1969, began COMPASS curriculum which focuses on conceptual thinking and e-learning in which tutorial groups still remain as the key to the learning process.<BR>3) The Duke University, which values the researcher promotion, began a new curriculum including at further integration of basic and clinical medicine and structural clinical training (Intersession).<BR>4) The Washington University, which constructed WWAMI Program that cooperated with the medical institutions in four states surrounding Washington, started College System to support the students and to strengthen their clinical competencies.<BR>5) Common aspects of the innovation of medical education in North America are (1) further integration of the basic and clinical medicine, (2) early exposure to the principle of clinical medicine and (3) promotion of professionalism by Clinical Preceptorship.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Combined treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone and Kampoherbal medicine (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Jia-Wei-Gui-Pi-Tang) brought about a striking clinical improvement in a 24-year-old woman with severe hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. Laboratory findings on admission were summarized as follows: granulocytes 325/μ<i>l</i>, erythrocytes 2, 450, 000/μ<i>l</i>, platelets 10, 000/μ<i>l</i>, bone marrow nucleated cells 27, 000/μ<i>l</i>, and GPT 569IU/<i>l</i>. Neither anti-lymphocyte globulin, high-dose methylprednisolone alone nor oxymetholone was effective on any hematological finding although intravenous administration of high-dose glycyrrhizin improved the liver dysfunction. The patient needed repeated transfusions of leukocyte-poor washed red blood cells and HLA-matched platelet concentrates for a period of 1.5 years until the hematopoietic function recovered 3 months after combined treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone and Kampo-herbal medicine. Laboratory findings on discharge were as follows: granulocytes 1, 050/μ<i>l</i>, erythrocytes 3, 460, 000/μ<i>l</i>, reticulocytes 100, 000/μ<i>l</i>, platelets 47, 000/μ<i>l</i>, bone marrow nucleated cells 118, 000/μ<i>l</i>, and GPT 52IU/<i>l</i>. Six months later hematopoietic depression recurred, and this combined treatment was performed again with favorable response.